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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

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Friction of Shear-Fracture Zones.

T I Riikilä1,2, J I Pylväinen1, J Åström3

  • 1Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.

Physical Review Letters
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that shear fractures in brittle solids can spontaneously self-lubricate. This occurs when microscopic stress relaxation mechanisms develop during fracture, creating weak shear zones.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics

Background:

  • Shear fracture in brittle solids evolves from microcracking to powder-filled shear zones.
  • Investigating this process in detail, especially at large strains, is experimentally and numerically challenging.
  • Weak shear zones are a known geological concept, primarily explained by tectonic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if shear fracture alone can induce spontaneous self-lubrication in materials.
  • To explore the generality of weak shear zone formation beyond specific tectonic settings.
  • To link microscopic stress relaxation mechanisms to the emergence of weak shear zones.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an efficient simulation model for large-strain fracture analysis.
  • Employed a custom-made experimental device to capture the entire fracture process.
  • Analyzed the conditions leading to the development of powder-filled shear zones.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that shear fracture can drive spontaneous self-lubrication.
  • Showed that weak shear zones are a general phenomenon, not limited to tectonic conditions.
  • Identified microscopic, fragment-scale stress relaxation as the key mechanism for weak shear zone emergence.

Conclusions:

  • Weak shear zones are broadly applicable, requiring only microscopic stress relaxation during fracture.
  • The findings challenge existing explanations of weak shear zones, broadening their scope.
  • Spontaneous self-lubrication is an intrinsic property of shear fracture under specific micro-mechanical conditions.