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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
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Shear Diagram01:27

Shear Diagram

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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
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Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Phonon Spectroscopy with Chirped Shear and Compressive Acoustic Pulses.

C L Poyser1, W B York1, D Srikanthreddy1

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
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Scientists used phonon chirping in gallium arsenide (GaAs) to create sensitive terahertz spectroscopy. This technique allows for precise selection of terahertz and subterahertz phonon frequencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Materials science
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Coherent phonons exhibit dispersion, leading to frequency changes over time.
  • Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a semiconductor with unique phonon properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transformation of picosecond phonon wave packets in GaAs.
  • To explore the potential of phonon chirping for terahertz spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Injected picosecond compressive and shear phonon wave packets into (311) GaAs slabs.
  • Propagated phonons through approximately 1 mm of GaAs.
  • Probed the temporal optical response to coherent phonons near the surface.

Main Results:

  • Phonon wave packets transformed into chirped acoustic pulses with increasing frequency.
  • Demonstrated phonon chirping as a method for high-sensitivity terahertz and subterahertz spectroscopy.
  • Achieved narrow-band phonon spectrum selection up to 0.4 THz (longitudinal) and 0.2 THz (transverse) using temporal gating.

Conclusions:

  • Phonon dispersion in GaAs enables the creation of chirped acoustic pulses.
  • Phonon chirping offers a novel approach for advanced terahertz spectroscopy.
  • This technique allows for tunable, narrow-band phonon frequency selection.