Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

40.8K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
40.8K
Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

517
As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
517
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

77.2K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
77.2K
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

11.6K
The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
11.6K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.3K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.3K
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

3.6K
Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Amyloid diseases of the heart: assessment, diagnosis, and referral.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)·2010
Same author

High-dose intravenous melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation as initial therapy or following two cycles of oral chemotherapy for the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a prospective randomized trial.

Bone marrow transplantation·2003
Same author

An overview of the use of high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation for the treatment of AL amyloidosis.

Bone marrow transplantation·2001
Same author

Amyloidosis.

Postgraduate medical journal·2001
Same author

Infusion of light chains from patients with cardiac amyloidosis causes diastolic dysfunction in isolated mouse hearts.

Circulation·2001
Same author

Effect of dose-intensive intravenous melphalan and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation on al amyloidosis-associated renal disease.

Annals of internal medicine·2001
Same journal

About the Cover.

The Biological bulletin·2026
Same journal

How Does Local Temperature Shape Thermal Tolerance? A Test Using Congeneric Snails on Tropical Rocky Shores.

The Biological bulletin·2026
Same journal

The Cnidarian Bcl-2 Family and Apoptosis: Evidence for Evolutionary Diversity and Involvement in the Onset of Symbiosis.

The Biological bulletin·2026
Same journal

High Mortality and Reduced Pup Production in Eared Seals Following the 2023 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Patagonia.

The Biological bulletin·2026
Same journal

Regeneration and Caudal Segmentation in <i>Phragmatopoma californica</i> (Annelida: Sabellariidae).

The Biological bulletin·2026
Same journal

A Redescription and Characterization of the Transcriptome of the Sea Anemone <i>Edwardsia elegans</i> (Verrill).

The Biological bulletin·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

20.4K

Calcium-Proton Exchange During Algal Calcification.

T A McConnaughey, R H Falk

    The Biological Bulletin
    |January 6, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Giant alga Chara corallina uses active calcium extrusion for extracellular calcification, exchanging calcium ions for protons. This process is vital for mineralization and photosynthesis in alkaline environments.

    More Related Videos

    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
    07:38

    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

    Published on: March 30, 2015

    9.7K
    A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances
    08:18

    A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

    Published on: October 10, 2020

    6.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

    Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
    08:43

    Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

    Published on: May 31, 2016

    20.4K
    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
    07:38

    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

    Published on: March 30, 2015

    9.7K
    A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances
    08:18

    A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

    Published on: October 10, 2020

    6.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Plant Physiology
    • Biomineralization
    • Algal Biology

    Background:

    • The giant-celled alga Chara corallina is known for extensive extracellular calcification.
    • The precise mechanisms driving calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposition remain under investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of active Ca2+ extrusion in exchange for protons during extracellular calcification in Chara corallina.
    • To elucidate the relationship between calcification, photosynthesis, and ion transport.

    Main Methods:

    • X-ray microanalysis using strontium (Sr2+) and manganese (Mn2+) as tracers for mineralization.
    • Inhibition studies using calcium (Ca2+) transport antagonists like gadolinium (Gd3+) and lanthanum (La3+).
    • Utilizing ion-specific microelectrodes to measure extracellular ion activities and pH gradients.

    Main Results:

    • CaCO3 incrustations primarily form on the inner side of the cell wall, indicating inward-facing mineralization.
    • Inward proton currents are sensitive to Ca2+ transport inhibitors.
    • Low Ca2+ concentrations negatively impact pH banding and photosynthesis, while buffered calcium supports it.
    • The ratio of calcification to photosynthesis is stable at approximately 1.0 in alkaline solutions with sufficient calcium.
    • Measurements show coincident increases in Ca2+ activity and decreases in proton activity near calcified surfaces.
    • Extracellular pH and pCa levels approach thermodynamic limits for ATP-driven 2H+/Ca2+ exchange.

    Conclusions:

    • Evidence supports an active Ca2+ extrusion mechanism coupled with proton influx for calcification in Chara corallina.
    • This ion exchange process is intrinsically linked to the alga's photosynthetic activity and mineralization patterns.
    • The findings provide insights into the biophysical and biochemical regulation of calcification in this model organism.