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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
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Non-Invasive Renal Perfusion Imaging Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI: Challenges and Opportunities.

Fabio Nery1, Isky Gordon2, David L Thomas3,4

  • 1Developmental Imaging & Biophysics Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK. fabio.nery.13@ucl.ac.uk.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Quantifying kidney blood flow is crucial for understanding kidney health. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows promise as a practical clinical tool for measuring renal perfusion.

Keywords:
arterial spin labelingchronic kidney diseasekidney perfusionmagnetic resonance imagingrenal ASLrenal MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Tissue perfusion is vital for oxygen and nutrient delivery, and in the kidneys, it impacts glomerular filtration.
  • Accurate measurement of renal perfusion is essential for understanding kidney physiology and pathology.
  • Current non-invasive methods for measuring renal perfusion are limited in clinical practicality and robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in arterial spin labeling (ASL) for renal imaging.
  • To discuss the potential of ASL as a non-invasive, practical, and robust method for quantifying renal perfusion.
  • To highlight remaining challenges for the clinical application of ASL in human renal imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.
  • Focus on applications and challenges related to renal imaging in human subjects.
  • Discussion of the potential of ASL to overcome limitations of existing perfusion measurement methods.

Main Results:

  • Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is identified as a promising MRI technique for non-invasive renal perfusion quantification.
  • Recent developments indicate ASL's increasing viability for clinical applications in renal imaging.
  • Specific advancements and remaining challenges are discussed in the context of human studies.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI holds significant potential for routine clinical assessment of renal perfusion.
  • Further research and development are needed to address remaining challenges for widespread clinical adoption.
  • ASL offers a pathway to improved understanding and management of renal diseases through quantitative perfusion imaging.