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Environmental Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Tashi Dendup1, Xiaoqi Feng2,3, Stephanie Clingan4
1Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. td869@uowmail.edu.au.
Summary
Environmental factors like walkability and air pollution impact type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. While evidence suggests protective effects from green spaces and walkability, further high-quality research is needed for causal links.
Area of Science:
- Environmental health
- Epidemiology
- Public health
Background:
- Environmental factors are increasingly recognized as potential determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
- Understanding these environmental links is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize evidence on environmental determinants of T2DM.
- To propose a theoretical framework linking environment and T2DM.
- To identify research gaps and future directions.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across four databases.
- Extraction and assessment of over 200 environmental-T2DM relationships from 60 studies.
- Qualitative synthesis of findings.
Main Results:
- Walkability, air pollution, food/physical activity environments, and roadway proximity were commonly studied.
- Higher walkability and green space associated with lower T2DM risk.
- Increased noise and air pollution linked to higher T2DM risk.
Conclusions:
- Environmental characteristics show potential influence on T2DM risk.
- Current evidence quality limits causal inference but supports further investigation.
- High-quality longitudinal studies with policy-relevant measures are needed to inform urban planning and T2DM prevention.
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