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Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
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Predation Risk and Avoidance Behavior in Two Freshwater Snails.

J E Alexander, A P Covich

    The Biological Bulletin
    |January 7, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Freshwater snails Physella virgata and Planorbella trivolvis exhibit predator avoidance by crawling above the waterline to escape crayfish predation. This adaptive behavior, especially in vulnerable snails, reduces encounter probability with predators.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Behavioral Ecology
    • Freshwater Biology

    Background:

    • Predation is a significant selective pressure shaping prey behavior.
    • Freshwater snails face predation from various aquatic invertebrates, including crayfish.
    • Understanding anti-predator responses is crucial for aquatic ecosystem dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the predator avoidance behaviors of Physella virgata and Planorbella trivolvis.
    • To determine the role of crayfish (Procambarus simulans) as predators.
    • To examine size-dependent vulnerability and behavioral responses in snails.

    Main Methods:

    • Observing snail behavior in the presence of crayfish.
    • Quantifying vertical migration (crawlout) above the waterline as an avoidance tactic.
    • Assessing size-dependent relationships between snail size, vulnerability, and behavioral response.

    Main Results:

    • Both snail species exhibited 'crawlout' behavior, moving above the waterline to avoid crayfish.
    • A size-dependent relationship was found: smaller snails and all P. virgata were more prone to crawlout.
    • Large Planorbella trivolvis, with robust shells, showed no significant avoidance behavior, relying on physical defense.

    Conclusions:

    • Crawling above the waterline is an adaptive anti-predator strategy for vulnerable freshwater snails.
    • This behavior effectively reduces the risk of predation by crayfish.
    • Snail shell morphology and size influence the type of predator avoidance strategy employed.