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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Aging01:26

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Muscle Stem Cells and Aging.

Ara B Hwang1, Andrew S Brack1

  • 1Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|January 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Satellite cells (muscle stem cells) decline with age, impairing muscle repair. Understanding these age-related changes could lead to interventions to improve muscle regeneration in humans.

Keywords:
AgingMuscleNicheRegenerationSatellite cell

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Area of Science:

  • Muscle stem cell biology
  • Aging and regeneration
  • Tissue repair mechanisms

Background:

  • Satellite cells (SCs) are crucial for muscle tissue repair, normally quiescent but activated by injury.
  • Aging leads to satellite cell dysfunction, significantly reducing muscle regenerative capacity.
  • Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting SCs are altered during the aging process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in satellite cell biology concerning the impact of aging.
  • To discuss how age-dependent changes in SCs and their niche affect muscle regeneration.
  • To highlight potential interventions for age-related muscle decline.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on satellite cell biology and aging.
  • Analysis of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors impacting SC function.
  • Synthesis of findings on interventions for age-associated SC dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Aging impairs satellite cell function, contributing to reduced muscle regeneration.
  • Age-related deregulation of both SC-intrinsic and niche factors is observed.
  • Interventions targeting SCs or their niche can partially restore regenerative capacity in aged muscle.

Conclusions:

  • Age-associated satellite cell dysfunction is a key factor in diminished muscle repair.
  • Understanding these age-related changes is vital for developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting SCs and their microenvironment may ameliorate aging effects on muscle regeneration in humans.