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Assessing Airflow Sensitivity to Healthy and Diseased Lung Conditions in a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model
Bora Sul1, Zachary Oppito2, Shehan Jayasekera2
1Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702.
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|January 7, 2018
Summary
Computational fluid dynamics models reveal how terminal flow rates impact airflow in respiratory airways. Healthy airflow patterns remain consistent, but chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) shows significant changes, emphasizing lobar flow fraction importance.
Area of Science:
- * Respiratory physiology and computational modeling.
- * Fluid dynamics in biological systems.
Background:
- * Computational models are vital for respiratory physiology research.
- * Accurate terminal flow rates at airway branches are crucial but difficult to obtain in vivo.
- * Existing models often rely on assumptions for these boundary conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To investigate the impact of terminal flow rates on airflow patterns in respiratory airways using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model.
- * To validate the CFD model against in vitro experimental data.
- * To compare airflow patterns under healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) conditions with varying terminal flow rates.
Main Methods:
- * Development of a CFD model for steady expiration airflow.
- * In vitro measurement of airflow patterns using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for model validation.
- * Derivation of terminal flow rates based on lobar flow fractions from healthy and COPD subjects.
- * Quantitative assessment of airflow pattern sensitivity using shape similarity (R) and velocity difference (Drms).
Main Results:
- * The CFD model accurately replicated in vitro airflow patterns, confirming its validity.
- * Airflow patterns in central airways showed high similarity (minimum R, 0.80) across healthy terminal flow conditions.
- * COPD airflow patterns exhibited significant differences (minimum R, 0.26; maximum Drms, 10x healthy cases) compared to healthy conditions.
- * Upper airway patterns remained consistent across all tested conditions.
Conclusions:
- * Variability in terminal and lobar flows significantly influences airflow patterns within respiratory airways.
- * Lobar flow fractions are essential for deriving physiologically relevant airflow characteristics in computational models.
- * The study highlights the distinct airflow dynamics in COPD compared to healthy individuals, underscoring the need for precise boundary conditions.
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