Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026
08:45
A Novel and Translational Rat Model of Concussion Combining Force and Rotation with In Vivo Cerebral Microdialysis
Published on: July 12, 2019
9.2K
Iloprost Affects Macrophage Activation and CCL2 Concentrations in a Microdialysis Model in Rats
Kamel Alkhatib1,2, Tina M Poseno2, Alda Diaz Perez1,2
1Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA.
Pharmaceutical Research
|January 7, 2018
Summary
Local iloprost delivery activated macrophages, reducing inflammatory markers and increasing CD163+ cells around implants. This suggests potential for modulating foreign body reactions and improving implant integration.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Biomaterial implants often trigger foreign body reactions, leading to fibrous encapsulation and impaired integration.
- Modulating macrophage phenotype is crucial for directing tissue response to implants.
- Iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, is investigated for its immunomodulatory potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test if locally released iloprost affects macrophage phenotype at a subcutaneous microdialysis implant site in rats.
- To assess the potential of pharmaceutical release to guide macrophage activation and improve implant outcomes.
Main Methods:
- In vitro macrophage cell cultures were used to assess iloprost's effect on macrophage activation.
- Microdialysis probes were implanted subcutaneously in rats for local iloprost delivery.
- Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) levels were measured via ELISA, and CD163+ macrophage presence was determined by immunohistochemistry.
Main Results:
- Iloprost reduced CCL2 concentrations in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages in vitro.
- Local iloprost delivery via microdialysis significantly reduced CCL2 levels in dialysates.
- An increase in CD163+ macrophages was observed in tissues surrounding the implants after two days.
Conclusions:
- Localized iloprost delivery effectively induced macrophage activation at the implant interface.
- This study presents a viable in vivo model for evaluating macrophage modulators.
- The findings suggest a potential strategy for enhancing implant integration by modulating local immune responses.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Pharmacodynamic Models: Linear Concentration–Effect Model
20
The linear concentration–effect model, underpinned by the principle that pharmacological effect (E) is directly proportional to plasma drug concentration (C), emerges as a pivotal simplification of the Emax model for conditions where C is significantly less than EC50. This model portrays a linear trajectory of the concentration–effect relationship when drug levels are markedly below the EC50 threshold.Despite its inherent assumption of continuous effect augmentation with increasing...
20
01:15Pharmacodynamic Models: Logarithmic Concentration–Effect Model
17
The log-linear model is a pharmacological framework used to describe the relationship between drug concentration and its effect. This model is particularly relevant when the observed effects range between 20% and 80% of the drug’s maximum effect (Emax), where a near-linear relationship is observed between the log of drug concentration and the measured effect. However, the log-linear model does not predict the maximum possible effect (Emax) or the effect at zero drug concentration,...
17
01:18Pharmacodynamic Models: Emax Drug–Concentration Effect Model
34
The Emax drug-concentration effect model is central to pharmacodynamics in drug discovery and development. This model is predicated on the receptor occupancy theory, which posits that the effect of a drug is directly related to the number of receptors occupied by the drug and the resultant complex formation.The model describes the reversible interaction between a drug (C) and a receptor (R) to form a drug-receptor complex (RC). The kinetics of this interaction are quantified by an equation that...
34
02:41Concentration Cells
25.9K
A concentration cell is a type of a voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.9K
02:59Solution Concentration and Dilution
135.6K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
135.6K
01:13Stress Concentrations
664
The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
The stress...
The stress...
664