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Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

Tonicity in Plants

Tonicity in Plants

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Plant Cell Wall

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Plant Cells and Tissues

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Seedless Vascular Plants

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

Published on: August 4, 2018

Purine salvage in plants.

Hiroshi Ashihara¹, Claudio Stasolla², Tatsuhito Fujimura³

¹Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.

|January 8, 2018

Summary

Plant purine salvage pathways recycle essential compounds for nucleotide synthesis and have crucial roles beyond energy production. These pathways maintain cellular homeostasis and cytokinin bioactivity, highlighting their vital functions in plant physiology.

Keywords:

Caffeine biosynthesis Cytokinin interconversion Nucleosidases Nucleotidases Phosphoribosyltransferases Purine metabolism Purine nucleoside kinases Purine nucleotides Review Salvage enzymes

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Published on: December 17, 2012

Area of Science:

Plant Physiology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Purine bases and nucleosides are generated through nucleotide turnover and metabolic pathways.
Adenosine and adenine are key intermediates linked to methyltransferase reactions and biosynthesis pathways.
Purine compounds are recycled via salvage pathways, which are essential for numerous plant processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on purine salvage pathways in plants.
To explore the essential functions of purine salvage beyond nucleotide biosynthesis.
To examine the role of purine salvage enzymes in maintaining cellular homeostasis and cytokinin bioactivity.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on purine metabolism and salvage pathways in plants.
Analysis of the enzymatic activities of key salvage enzymes like adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenosine kinase.
Examination of the energetic favorability and regulatory impact of salvage pathways compared to de novo synthesis.

Main Results:

Major salvage enzymes identified: adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7) and adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20).
Salvage pathways efficiently convert purine bases/nucleosides to nucleotides (AMP, IMP, GMP) for energy and nucleic acid synthesis.
Purine salvage enzymes also synthesize cytokinin ribotides from active cytokinin bases, maintaining hormonal balance.

Conclusions:

Plant purine salvage pathways are critical for nucleotide biosynthesis, energy production, and nucleic acid synthesis.
These pathways play essential roles in regulating intracellular purine levels and preventing metabolic inhibition.
Purine salvage enzymes are key regulators of cytokinin bioactivity, contributing to overall plant physiological homeostasis.