Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

22.0K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
22.0K
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

65.0K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
65.0K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

80.4K
Overview
80.4K
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

31.2K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
31.2K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.3K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.3K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

9.3K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
9.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Myelin injury precedes axonal injury and symptomatic onset in multiple sclerosis.

Nature medicine·2025
Same author

High-Dose Pulse Glucocorticoid Treatment Prevents White Matter Spinal Cord Pseudoatrophy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis.

Annals of neurology·2025
Same author

GWAS meta-analysis of psoriasis identifies new susceptibility alleles impacting disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Identification of Candidate Immunodominant Epitopes and Their HLA-Binding Prediction on BK Polyomavirus Proteins in Healthy Donors.

HLA·2024
Same author

MHConstructor: a high-throughput, haplotype-informed solution to the MHC assembly challenge.

Genome biology·2024
Same author

The 18th International HLA & Immunogenetics workshop project report: Creating fully representative MHC reference haplotypes.

HLA·2024
Same journal

Impact of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies on chronic lesion tissue expansion.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same journal

Tobacco smoking disrupts bile acid and tryptophan metabolism in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same journal

Missed radiologic disease activity by conventional side-by-side MRI comparison is associated with future disease activity in multiple sclerosis: Adopting semiautomated coregistration-fusion into clinical practice.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of metabolite changes over 2 years in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same journal

Racial identity, marginalization, and depression in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same journal

Disability and race in MS: Does socioeconomic disadvantage play a role?

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.1K

Multiple sclerosis genetics.

Ester Canto1, Jorge R Oksenberg1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is linked to numerous DNA variants and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have identified over 200 genetic loci, with the major histocompatibility complex being a key area.

Keywords:
Genome-wide association studyHLA

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.1K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • A multifactorial, polygenic model explains multiple sclerosis (MS) heritability.
  • Environmental exposures interact with genetic predispositions to influence MS risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic variants associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility.
  • To understand the genetic architecture of MS and uncover potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were employed to identify genetic risk factors.
  • Analysis focused on DNA variants and their interaction with environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Over 200 loci have been robustly associated with MS susceptibility.
  • The strongest genetic association signal is located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p21.
  • A significant portion of MS heritability remains unexplained by current genetic findings.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors, particularly within the MHC, play a crucial role in MS susceptibility.
  • Further research into the unexplained heritability of MS is essential for understanding disease mechanisms.
  • Identifying functional genomic effects could reveal new therapeutic strategies for MS.