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An introduction to the microbiome and MS.

Sebastien Trott1, Irah L King1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

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The human microbiota influences health and disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS). This review explores how gut microbes impact MS and potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota for symptom relief.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The human microbiota, comprising microorganisms in and on the body, is vital for health.
  • Intestinal commensal species significantly affect host physiology locally and systemically.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune CNS disorder with no cure, and its causes remain unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the microbiota's role in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To explore potential pathogenic and protective functions of the microbiota in MS progression.
  • To discuss therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiota for MS symptom alleviation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing animal studies on microbiota and MS.
  • Analysis of clinical studies investigating the microbiota-MS connection.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on microbiota-host interactions in neuroimmunological diseases.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests the microbiota plays a dual role (pathogenic and protective) in MS.
  • Microbiota composition and function can influence MS pathogenesis and progression.
  • Specific microbial species or metabolites may impact neuroinflammation.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiota is a significant factor in MS development and progression.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota offers promising therapeutic avenues for MS.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms and develop effective microbiota-based therapies for MS.