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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
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Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

The Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for the Amplification of Intact Peripheral Nerve Signals
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The Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for the Amplification of Intact Peripheral Nerve Signals

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Plexus and peripheral nerve metastasis.

Kelly G Gwathmey1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer can spread to the peripheral nervous system, affecting nerves and nerve roots. This review details diagnosis and treatment for these metastatic lesions, including rare neurolymphomatosis.

Keywords:
cancercranial nervesmetastasisnerve rootsneurolymphomatosisperipheral nervesplexus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Malignancies like solid tumors, leukemia, and lymphoma can metastasize to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • PNS involvement includes cranial nerves, nerve roots, and nerve plexuses, impacting neurological function.
  • Metastatic lesions to the PNS present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of metastatic lesions to the peripheral nervous system.
  • To differentiate neoplastic plexopathies from radiation-induced plexopathies.
  • To highlight the recognition and management of neurolymphomatosis, a rare manifestation of hematologic malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on anatomic distribution of PNS metastases.
  • Analysis of clinical, imaging, and electrodiagnostic features.
  • In-depth discussion of neurolymphomatosis based on available evidence.

Main Results:

  • Metastases to the PNS can affect various nerve structures, leading to diverse neurological deficits.
  • Distinguishing neoplastic from radiation-induced plexopathies requires careful evaluation of clinical and electrodiagnostic findings.
  • Neurolymphomatosis is often underdiagnosed due to varied presentations, impacting patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of PNS metastases are crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Neurolymphomatosis requires heightened clinical suspicion for timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • Further research is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies for PNS involvement by cancer.