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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.3K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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Tracking the m7G-cap during translation initiation by crosslinking methods.

Lauriane Gross1, Laure Schaeffer1, Fatima Alghoul1

  • 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method to track messenger RNA (mRNA) cap dynamics during eukaryotic translation initiation. By using the mRNA cap as a tracker, researchers can better understand the complex assembly and release cycles of eukaryotic Initiation Factors (eIFs).

Keywords:
Cap-dependent translationChemical crosslinkingHistone H4 mRNARibosomeUV crosslinkingeIF4E

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic translation initiation is a complex, dynamic process crucial for protein synthesis.
  • It relies on numerous eukaryotic Initiation Factors (eIFs) to facilitate ribosome binding and start codon recognition.
  • Understanding the dynamic interplay of these factors and their association with mRNA is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply an original approach for assessing the dynamic features of translation initiation.
  • To utilize the messenger RNA (mRNA) 5' cap structure (m7Gcap) as a molecular tracker.
  • To monitor the proximity of RNA and protein components during translation.

Main Methods:

  • Employing chemical and UV crosslinking to trap cap-binding molecules.
  • Utilizing cell-free translation systems combined with specific translation inhibitors (edeine, GMP-PNP, cycloheximide).
  • Following the position of the m7Gcap and associated cap-binding proteins during histone H4 mRNA translation.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully adapted cap crosslinking methods to study translation dynamics.
  • The fate of the mRNA cap and its associated proteins during translation was assessed.
  • The positional changes of the cap and binding proteins were monitored throughout H4 mRNA translation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides novel insights into the dynamic nature of eukaryotic translation initiation.
  • It allows for the tracking of mRNA cap dynamics and the interactions of associated proteins.
  • This approach can be further utilized to investigate the intricate mechanisms of translation regulation.