Maternal immunization: where are we now and how to move forward?

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Immunology
• Public Health

Background:

• Pregnancy and postpartum periods increase risks from infectious diseases for mothers and infants.
• Maternal immunization offers a strategy to protect both mother and child from vaccine-preventable diseases.
• Passive immunity is conferred to newborns via placental transfer of maternal antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the principles of maternal immunization.
• To provide an update on recent evidence regarding the use and timing of maternal immunization.
• To identify barriers to wider vaccination coverage and current limitations.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing evidence on maternal immunization.
• Analysis of safety profiles and effectiveness of current maternal vaccines.
• Discussion of emerging vaccines for use during pregnancy.

Main Results:

• Current vaccines (influenza, tetanus, pertussis) demonstrate acceptable safety and efficacy.
• Maternal immunization induces protective antibody levels transferable to the fetus.
• New vaccines for RSV and Group B Streptococcus are under development for maternal use.

Conclusions:

• Maternal immunization is a safe and effective strategy for protecting pregnant women and infants.
• Addressing barriers is crucial to improve vaccination rates in pregnant populations.
• Continued research and development of maternal vaccines are essential.