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Auditory Processing Performance of the Middle-Aged and Elderly: Auditory or Cognitive Decline?

Cristina F B Murphy^1,2, Camila M Rabelo¹, Marcela L Silagi¹

¹University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology

|January 9, 2018

Summary

Aging affects auditory processing, but separating hearing loss from cognitive decline is challenging. This study found that working memory impacts certain auditory tasks, while hearing loss affects speech-in-noise performance in older adults.

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Area of Science:

Auditory Neuroscience
Cognitive Aging
Gerontology

Background:

Aging is linked to auditory processing decline, but confounding factors like hearing loss and cognitive decline complicate analysis.
Distinguishing the specific impact of age on auditory processing is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of age-related hearing loss and working memory on auditory processing in middle-aged and elderly adults.
To differentiate the contributions of sensory and cognitive factors to auditory processing deficits in aging.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study of 77 adults aged 50-70 with normal to mild-moderate hearing loss and no cognitive impairments.
Auditory processing assessed using speech-in-noise, dichotic digit, and frequency pattern tests.
Working memory assessed via digit span test; hearing loss quantified using audibility index; analyses controlled for age.

Main Results:

Hearing loss correlated with speech-in-noise performance.
Working memory correlated with frequency pattern and dichotic digit test performance.
Regression analyses confirmed the distinct contributions of hearing loss and working memory to specific auditory processing tasks.

Conclusions:

Auditory processing decline in older adults is partly due to working memory deficits and associated cognitive changes.
Mild-to-moderate hearing loss impacts specific auditory tasks like speech-in-noise, suggesting peripheral auditory system involvement in auditory processing disorders.