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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
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Interference and Decay01:16

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains
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Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains

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Nonsense mRNA suppression via nonstop decay.

Joshua A Arribere1, Andrew Z Fire2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States.

Elife
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay utilizes the nonstop decay pathway in C. elegans to clear faulty mRNAs. This process involves ribosome removal and RNA degradation, preventing premature translation termination.

Keywords:
C. eleganschromosomesgenesnonsensenonstoppelotaribosome terminationskismg

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • RNA Metabolism

Background:

  • Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) eliminates mRNAs with premature stop codons.
  • The mechanisms of mRNA suppression following premature stop codon recognition are not fully understood.
  • A distinct pathway, nonstop mRNA decay, handles mRNAs lacking stop codons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and nonstop mRNA decay.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of prematurely terminated translation complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of intermediates in nonsense mRNA degradation.
  • Analysis of translational surveillance pathways in *Caenorhabditis elegans*.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports nonsense-mediated decay funneling into the nonstop decay pathway.
  • SKI-exosome decay and pelota-based ribosome removal are identified as crucial steps.
  • These pathways facilitate the suppression and clearance of prematurely terminated translation complexes.

Conclusions:

  • A model is proposed where premature stop codons trigger nucleolytic cleavage.
  • The nonstop pathway subsequently disengages ribosomes and degrades RNA fragments.
  • This coordinated process effectively suppresses ongoing expression from aberrant mRNAs.