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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor
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Polydactyly of the Hand.

Garet C Comer1, Michael Potter, Amy L Ladd

  • 1From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA (Dr. Comer), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sentara Martha Jefferson Healthcare, Charlottesville, VA (Dr. Potter), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood, CA (Dr. Ladd).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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PubMed
Summary

Polydactyly, a common congenital hand deformity, involves extra digits and is classified by location. Treatment varies from simple excision for postaxial polydactyly to complex reconstruction for preaxial and central types.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Congenital Hand Deformities
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Polydactyly is a frequent congenital hand anomaly encountered by orthopaedic surgeons.
  • While often isolated, it can be associated with genetic syndromes.
  • Classification is based on the location of the duplicated digit: postaxial (ulnar), preaxial (radial/thumb), or central.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and management of polydactyly.
  • To highlight the distinct surgical approaches for different types of polydactyly.
  • To emphasize the challenges in reconstructing central polydactyly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of polydactyly classification based on digit location (postaxial, preaxial, central).
  • Description of typical management strategies for each type.
  • Discussion of reconstructive challenges, particularly for central polydactyly.

Main Results:

  • Postaxial polydactyly is most common, typically treated with excision or ligation.
  • Preaxial polydactyly requires reconstructive surgery for thumb function.
  • Central polydactyly is rare and presents significant reconstruction difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of polydactyly requires accurate classification.
  • Treatment strategies are tailored to the specific type and location of the digit duplication.
  • Reconstruction of central polydactyly remains a complex orthopaedic challenge.