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Two-stage patterning dynamics in conifer cotyledon whorl morphogenesis.

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|January 9, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conifer embryos exhibit variable cotyledon numbers, controlled by a two-stage growth regulator model. This model explains whorl formation and the relationship between cotyledon number and embryo size.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Conifer embryos have variable cotyledon numbers, unlike monocots/dicots.
  • Cotyledon formation is radially controlled in a whorl.
  • Auxin transport influences cotyledon outgrowth but not whorl patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a quantitative model for conifer cotyledon morphogenesis.
  • Understand the dynamics of growth regulator patterning in conifer embryos.
  • Explain the hierarchical control of whorl formation.

Main Methods:

  • A two-stage reaction-diffusion model for growth regulator patterning.
  • Modeling spatial patterns (P1 and P2) on the embryo surface.
  • Driving three-dimensional (3-D) morphogenesis via local surface growth.

Main Results:

  • Model generates single whorls for 2-11 cotyledons.
  • Explains the linear relationship between cotyledon number and embryo diameter.
  • Accounts for normal and aberrant cotyledon formation (fusions, splittings).

Conclusions:

  • Conifer cotyledon morphogenesis is geometrically complex, involving 2-D patterning deforming a 3-D surface.
  • Provides a quantitative framework for conifer cotyledon development.
  • The model is applicable to morphogenesis of whorls with multiple primordia.