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Current issues in the impacts of transport on health
M C I van Schalkwyk1, J S Mindell1
1Health and Social Surveys Research Group, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Introduction Or Background:
Transport affects health in many ways. Benefits include access to education, employment, goods, services and leisure, and opportunities for incorporating physical activity into daily living. There are major inequalities: benefits generally accrue to wealthier people and harms to the more deprived, nationally and globally.
Sources Of Data:
Health on the Move 2; Journal of Transport and Health.
Areas Of Agreement:
Benefits of travel for access and physical activity. Harms include health impacts of air and noise pollution; injuries and fatalities from falls or collisions; sedentary behaviour with motorized transport; community severance (barrier effect of busy roads and transport infrastructure); global climate change; impacts on inequalities; transport's role in facilitating spread of communicable diseases.
Areas Of Controversy Include:
Biofuels; cycle safety; driving by older people.
Growing Points And Areas For Research Include:
Effects of default 20 mph speed limits; impacts of autonomous vehicles on health and inequalities.
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