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Single-Cell Tracking Reveals a Role for Pre-Existing CCR5+ Memory Th1 Cells in the Control of Rhinovirus-A39 After
Lyndsey M Muehling1, Ronald B Turner2, Kenneth B Brown1
1Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|January 9, 2018
Summary
Virus-specific CD4+ T cells, particularly CCR5+ effector memory cells primed by prior infections, help control rhinovirus. These T cells are crucial for managing respiratory viral infections.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Limited understanding of T cell responses to human rhinovirus (RV) in vivo.
- Challenges include infection timing, viral diversity, and T cell specificity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To track circulating CD4+ T cells specific to rhinovirus (RV-A39).
- To assess T cell signatures in the nasal passages during RV infection.
Main Methods:
- Utilized MHC II tetramers to monitor T cells before and after RV-A39 challenge in HLA-DR4+ subjects.
- Assessed T cell subsets (CCR5+, CXCR3+) and chemokine ligands in blood and nasal samples.
Main Results:
- Pre-existing T cells correlated with delayed viral shedding and were enriched for CCR5+ Th1 effectors.
- RV challenge induced CCR5+ Th1 effector expansion in subjects with rising neutralizing antibodies.
- Nasal T cells showed distinct effector memory (CXCR3-CCR5+) and central memory (CXCR3+) phenotypes.
Conclusions:
- Virus-specific CCR5+ effector memory CD4+ T cells, primed by prior exposures, contribute to rhinovirus control.
- These findings highlight the role of adaptive immunity in managing common respiratory viral infections.
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