Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dehydration Synthesis01:15

Dehydration Synthesis

150.6K
Overview
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Sugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from...
150.6K
Statistical Significance01:50

Statistical Significance

22.3K
Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
22.3K
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.8K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.8K
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

78.3K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
78.3K
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.4K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.4K
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love02:15

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

45.9K
We typically love the people with whom we form relationships, but the type of love we have for our family, friends, and lovers differs. Robert Sternberg (1986) proposed that there are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. These three components form a triangle that defines multiple types of love: this is known as Sternberg’s triangular theory of love. Intimacy is the sharing of details and intimate thoughts and emotions. Passion is the physical attraction—the...
45.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A path to sustainable and healthy diets: modeling ovo-lacto-vegetarian food-based dietary guidelines.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

The case for primary prevention of obesity in the era of GLP-1 therapies.

The Lancet regional health. Europe·2026
Same author

Microbiome-derived cancer: the catabolism of bilirubin to urobilin in the liver-gut axis and its consequences.

Gastroenterology report·2026
Same author

Investigating the risk of obesity in European night shift workers: a study protocol for cross-sectional and mechanistic studies in the SHIFT2HEALTH Project.

Obesity facts·2026
Same author

Modulation of Redox and Immune Responses Following Eight Weeks of Supplementation with a Yeast Cell-Derived Formulation Containing β-Glucans and Micronutrients in Healthy Men.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Influence of Estradiol Levels and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Basal and Exercise-Induced ROS and IL-6 Responses in Eumenorrheic Women.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper
06:36

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper

Published on: February 27, 2021

4.2K

Expanding LogP: Present possibilities.

Chrysoula Vraka1, Sanja Mijailovic2, Vanessa Fröhlich3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department for Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Nuclear Medicine and Biology
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Predicting blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration early in drug development is crucial. This study found that while plasma protein binding (PPB), permeability (Pm), and membrane coefficient (KIAM) are important, no single parameter reliably predicts BBB penetration.

Keywords:
Blood brain barrier (BBB)High performance bioaffinity chromatography (HPBAC)Membrane coefficient (K(IAM))Permeability (Pm)Plasma protein binding (PPB)

More Related Videos

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
09:27

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

11.7K
Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
06:55

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents

Published on: October 26, 2016

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper
06:36

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper

Published on: February 27, 2021

4.2K
New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
09:27

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

11.7K
Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
06:55

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents

Published on: October 26, 2016

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and Drug Development
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Early prediction of drug pharmacokinetic behavior is vital due to high candidate exclusion rates.
  • High-performance bioaffinity chromatography (HPBAC) is increasingly used, but its relation to in vivo distribution and blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration is unclear.
  • Limited reference data exists for plasma protein binding (PPB), permeability (Pm), and membrane coefficient (KIAM) for radiotracers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relevance of measuring PPB, Pm, and KIAM for predicting BBB penetration.
  • To investigate the relationship between HPBAC measurements and in vivo drug distribution.
  • To provide reference data for commonly used PET tracers and drugs with varying BBB penetration.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of %PPB, Pm, and KIAM were conducted using HPBAC on 113 compounds.
  • Compounds were categorized based on brain uptake, lack of brain uptake, and interaction with efflux transporters.
  • ClogP and HPLC logPowpH7.4 data were also collected for analysis.

Main Results:

  • %PPB, KIAM, Pm, and ClogP values showed similar ranges across the tested drug groups.
  • Significant differences in HPLC logPowpH7.4 were observed between CNS-penetrating and non-penetrating drugs.
  • However, all experimental data, including HPLC logPowpH7.4, exhibited considerable overlap between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental reference values for logP, Pm, KIAM, and PPB were established for drugs with different BBB penetration profiles.
  • The influence of logP on brain uptake is method-dependent.
  • Relying on a single experimental or calculated parameter to predict BBB penetration or classify drug groups is not advisable.