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Determination of Pb in environmental samples after cloud point extraction using crown ether.
Guillaume Blanchet-Chouinard1, Dominic Larivière1
1Laboratoire de radioécologie, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
Talanta
|January 10, 2018
Summary
A novel cloud point extraction method efficiently preconcentrates lead (Pb) using a mixed surfactant system and a chelating agent. This validated technique achieves high recoveries and low detection limits for lead in complex samples.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Environmental Chemistry
Background:
- Lead (Pb) contamination poses significant environmental and health risks.
- Accurate and sensitive detection of lead in complex matrices is crucial for monitoring.
- Existing preconcentration methods may have limitations in efficiency or applicability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and optimize a new cloud point extraction (CPE) methodology for selective lead preconcentration.
- To validate the CPE method for analyzing lead in diverse environmental and biological samples.
- To improve the quantification of lead using plasma-based instrumentation.
Main Methods:
- Cloud point extraction using a mixed surfactant system (Triton X-114 and CTAB) and a crown ether chelating agent (4',4''(5'')-di-tert-butyldicyclohexano-18-crown-6).
- Optimization of parameters including surfactant concentrations, pH, chelating agent concentration, and temperature.
- Back-extraction procedure using ammonium citrate for reduced matrix effects.
- Quantification by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).
Main Results:
- Achieved high lead extraction recoveries (>67%) under optimized conditions.
- Demonstrated low limits of detection (LOD: 0.8 µgL⁻¹) and quantification (LOQ: 2.6 µgL⁻¹).
- Obtained a preconcentration factor of 39 for an initial sample volume of 195 mL.
- Validated the method's ruggedness across various complex environmental and biological matrices.
Conclusions:
- The developed CPE method offers a selective, efficient, and robust approach for lead preconcentration and analysis.
- The back-extraction step effectively mitigates matrix interferences for ICP-OES analysis.
- This methodology provides a valuable tool for accurate lead determination in environmental and biological monitoring programs.
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