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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance
Published on: December 28, 2017
Enhanced Efflux Pump Activity in Old Candida glabrata Cells
Somanon Bhattacharya1, Bettina C Fries2,3
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Replicative aging in Candida glabrata increases antifungal resistance. Older cells show higher ABC transporter and efflux pump activity, enhancing tolerance to fluconazole, micafungin, and amphotericin B.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Microbial Physiology
- Antifungal Drug Resistance
Background:
- Replicative aging is a significant factor influencing microbial physiology and drug response.
- Candida glabrata is an opportunistic fungal pathogen with increasing prevalence and resistance to antifungal agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of replicative aging on the antifungal resistance of Candida glabrata.
- To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in antifungal susceptibility.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of gene transcription in young versus old Candida glabrata cells.
- Measurement of efflux pump activity and antifungal drug tolerance.
- Quantification of ergosterol content in aged and young cells.
Main Results:
- Old Candida glabrata cells exhibited significantly increased transcription of ABC transporters and enhanced efflux pump activity compared to young cells.
- Older cells displayed higher tolerance to the antifungal drugs micafungin and amphotericin B.
- Increased transcription of the glucan synthase gene FKS1 and decreased ergosterol content were observed in older cells.
Conclusions:
- Replicative aging confers increased antifungal resistance in Candida glabrata.
- Age-associated changes in ABC transporter expression, efflux pump activity, FKS1 transcription, and ergosterol levels contribute to reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs.
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