Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

282
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
282
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

6.4K
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
6.4K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

256
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
256
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

626
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
626
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

326
In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
326
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

2.9K
Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between non-variceal spontaneous portosystemic shunt and outcomes after TIPS in cirrhosis.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2018
Same author

Integrative Analysis of Dysregulated lncRNA-Associated ceRNA Network Reveals Functional lncRNAs in Gastric Cancer.

Genes·2018
Same author

Forkhead box C1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through transactivating ITGA7 and FGFR4 expression.

Oncogene·2018
Same author

Microbiota transplantation: concept, methodology and strategy for its modernization.

Protein & cell·2018
Same author

Nicotine induces aberrant hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in pancreatic epithelial ductal cells.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2018
Same author

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Liaison between Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance.

Critical reviews in oncogenesis·2018
Same journal

Pragmatism should not eclipse validation in expanded HBV management for Latin America: response.

Annals of hepatology·2026
Same journal

Alcohol-associated liver disease in Asian Americans: the case for disaggregated analysis.

Annals of hepatology·2026
Same journal

Asia-Pacific perspectives on the steatotic liver disease (SLD) reclassification: balancing terminology, diagnostic criteria, and implementation.

Annals of hepatology·2026
Same journal

Alcohol-associated liver disease in the MENA region: A 16-country survey of healthcare provider perspectives.

Annals of hepatology·2026
Same journal

Stem cell therapies for liver cirrhosis: a GRADE evaluation through a systematic review.

Annals of hepatology·2026
Same journal

Role of spot urine analyses in patients with cirrhosis and ascites as the single first decompensation event.

Annals of hepatology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

22.9K

Hepatic Hydrothorax.

Yong Lv1, Guohong Han1, Daiming Fan2

  • 1Department of Liver Diseases and Digestive Interventional Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.

Annals of Hepatology
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatic hydrothorax (HH), a pleural effusion in cirrhosis patients, arises from ascitic fluid crossing the diaphragm. Treatment involves diuretics, but liver transplantation is the only definitive cure for this serious condition.

Keywords:
Hepatic hydrothorax. Liver cirrhosis. Ascites. Spontaneous bacterial empyema.

More Related Videos

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

14.0K
Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

22.9K
Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

14.0K
Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a significant complication of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
  • It presents as a pleural effusion in the absence of cardiac or pulmonary disease.
  • The exact pathophysiology involves transdiaphragmatic fluid movement due to pressure gradients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding, diagnosis, and management of hepatic hydrothorax.
  • To highlight the challenges in treating this condition and its complications.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis based on exclusion of other causes and identification of transudative pleural fluid.
  • Radionuclide imaging to confirm peritoneal-pleural communication.
  • Review of current therapeutic strategies and their outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Patients may be asymptomatic or present with respiratory distress.
  • Spontaneous bacterial empyema is a serious complication requiring antibiotics.
  • Medical management includes diuretics and sodium restriction.

Conclusions:

  • Liver transplantation remains the definitive treatment for refractory HH.
  • Interventional procedures offer symptomatic relief but carry high risks.
  • Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.