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Hemodynamic Responses during Enduro-Motorcycling Performance.

Irene Sanna1, Virginia Pinna1, Raffaele Milia1

  • 1Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Sports Physiology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

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Summary

Enduro motorcycling significantly elevates heart rate and cardiac output, demonstrating its demanding nature on the cardiovascular system. This activity increases stroke volume and ventricular filling rates, highlighting substantial cardiovascular activation.

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blood lactateblood pressureexercise pressor reflexheart ratestroke volume

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Motorcycle Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Existing research on Enduro motorcycling primarily focuses on heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BLa).
  • Limited data exists on the specific hemodynamic responses during Enduro motorcycling sessions.
  • Understanding cardiovascular demands is crucial for rider health and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute hemodynamic changes during a 10-minute Enduro motorcycling session.
  • To assess the impact of Enduro motorcycling on cardiac output, stroke volume, and ventricular filling/emptying rates.
  • To elucidate the cardiovascular activation patterns induced by this extreme sport.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen skilled Enduro motorcycle riders participated in the study.
  • Hemodynamic parameters were measured using a miniaturized impedance cardiograph during a 10-minute riding session on a standard track.
  • Resting and on-track physiological data were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Heart rate (HR) increased significantly from 96.5 ± 12.8 bpm at rest to 153.1 ± 17.7 bpm during riding.
  • Stroke volume (SV) rose from 53.5 ± 14.1 ml to 72.2 ± 22.1 ml, and cardiac output (CO) increased from 5.0 ± 1.1 L·min⁻¹ to 10.9 ± 3.0 L·min⁻¹.
  • Ventricular emptying rate (VER) and ventricular filling rate (VFR) also showed significant increases, suggesting enhanced cardiac performance and preload.

Conclusions:

  • Enduro motorcycling induces substantial cardiovascular activation, impacting heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
  • The findings suggest improved cardiac performance, likely mediated by sympathetic responses, venous constriction, and the Frank-Starling mechanism.
  • Enduro motorcycling represents a significant physiological challenge to the cardiovascular system.