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Evolutionary Influences on Attribution and Affect.

Jennie Brown1, David Trafimow2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary theory explains how affect and ability attributions are influenced by behavior type and gender. Morality attributions were more extreme than ability attributions, with gender impacting morality judgments.

Keywords:
ability attributionattributionevolutiongender differencesmorality attributionreaction timessocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Integrates Reeder and Brewer's schematic theory and Trafimow's affect theory within an evolutionary framework.
  • Addresses the interplay between affect, attributions, and behavior evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test five novel predictions extending evolutionary theory to affect and ability attributions.
  • To investigate gender differences in attributions and affect ratings for morality and ability behaviors.
  • To examine reaction times associated with attribution and affect judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a mixed-design experiment with factors including behavior type (morality, ability), valence, actor/participant gender, and order of tasks.
  • Participants rated 32 scenarios involving actor behaviors, making attributions and affect ratings.
  • Measured reaction times for attribution and affect ratings.

Main Results:

  • Affect was significantly related to both morality and ability attributions.
  • Morality-related behaviors elicited more extreme attribution and affect ratings than ability-related behaviors.
  • Female actors received stronger ratings for moral behaviors compared to male actors; ability attributions were similar across genders.
  • Diagnostic behaviors were processed faster (lower reaction times) than non-diagnostic behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the utility of evolutionary theory in generating new hypotheses and empirical results in attribution research.
  • Demonstrates the significant role of affect and gender in shaping attributions for different behavior types.
  • Highlights the cognitive efficiency in processing diagnostic behavioral information.