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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors01:20

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

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Drug binding to proteins is a key aspect of pharmacokinetics and can influence a drug's distribution, absorption, and elimination in the body. Several factors, including the drug's physiochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of binding sites on the protein, influence this process.
The physicochemical properties of a drug play a significant role in its ability to bind to proteins. Lipophilic drugs, which dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids, can be...
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The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

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The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
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Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding

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Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
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Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods01:22

Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods

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Determining protein-drug binding can be achieved through indirect and direct methods, each providing valuable insights into the interaction between proteins and drugs.
Indirect methods involve isolating the bound drug from its free form in biological samples such as blood, serum, or plasma. These techniques aim to measure the percentage of drugs bound to proteins. Equilibrium dialysis is a commonly used method where the free drug concentration at equilibrium is measured by separating the bound...
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Protein-Drug Binding: Mechanism and Kinetics01:16

Protein-Drug Binding: Mechanism and Kinetics

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Protein-drug binding refers to the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body. This binding process can occur intracellularly, involving drug interactions with enzymes or receptors within cells, or extracellularly, involving plasma proteins in the blood.
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification
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Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification

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Ice-Binding Proteins in Plants.

Melissa Bredow1, Virginia K Walker2

  • 1Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are key to surviving freezing temperatures by preventing damaging ice recrystallization. Engineering crops with plant IBPs shows promise for enhancing frost tolerance.

Keywords:
antifreeze proteinfreeze toleranceice-binding proteinice-recrystallization inhibitionplant freezing stress

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Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification
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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Cryobiology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Sub-zero temperatures cause plant damage via apoplastic ice crystal formation.
  • Freeze-tolerant plants utilize ice-binding proteins (IBPs) to mitigate freezing injury.
  • IBPs exhibit diverse functions across kingdoms, adapted to specific survival strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review plant freezing stress and adaptation mechanisms.
  • To discuss the role and potential of plant IBPs in crop freeze tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant freezing stress and IBP functions.
  • Comparative analysis of IBPs from different species (freeze-avoidant vs. freeze-tolerant).
  • Evaluation of genetic engineering approaches using plant IBPs.

Main Results:

  • Plant IBPs excel at inhibiting ice recrystallization, unlike freeze-avoidant IBPs that depress freezing points.
  • Transferring plant IBPs into sensitive plants enhances freezing survival and reduces electrolyte leakage.
  • Engineering with fish/insect IBPs has shown limited success, highlighting the specificity of plant IBPs.

Conclusions:

  • Plant IBPs are crucial for preventing damaging ice growth near melting points.
  • Recombinant plant IBPs offer a promising strategy for developing freeze-tolerant crops.
  • Further research into IBP localization and modification can optimize their application in agriculture.