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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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A Bioinformatics Pipeline to Accurately and Efficiently Analyze the MicroRNA Transcriptomes in Plants
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Characterization and Function of MicroRNA∗s in Plants.

Wei-Wei Liu1, Jun Meng2, Jun Cui1

  • 1School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.

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|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA* strands, once considered non-functional, are now known to bind ARGONAUTE proteins and have significant biological roles. This review highlights their functions and accumulation, revealing their essential roles in plant gene regulation.

Keywords:
ARGONAUTE proteinmiRNAmiRNA∗passenger strandstress response

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in plants.
  • miRNA guide strands (miRNAs) typically suppress gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNA* strands were historically considered non-functional 'passenger strands'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the binding characteristics of miRNA* strands with ARGONAUTE proteins.
  • To summarize tissue-specific accumulation patterns of miRNA*s.
  • To illustrate the biological functions and essential roles of miRNA*s in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent reports on miRNA* functionality.
  • Analysis of binding properties between miRNA*s and ARGONAUTE proteins.
  • Compilation of data on miRNA* tissue-specific expression and biological roles.

Main Results:

  • miRNA* strands exhibit significant biological functionality.
  • miRNA*s bind to ARGONAUTE proteins.
  • miRNA*s show tissue-specific accumulation and diverse biological functions.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA* strands are essential players in biological processes, not merely passenger strands.
  • Understanding miRNA* roles provides new directions for plant gene regulation research.
  • Further exploration of miRNA*s is crucial for comprehending their full impact.