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Updated: Feb 15, 2026
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Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection
Published on: October 11, 2014
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Acute rejection
Mark Benzimra1, Greg L Calligaro2, Allan R Glanville1
1Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Journal of Thoracic Disease
|January 10, 2018
Summary
Acute rejection remains a challenge in lung transplantation, impacting graft survival and leading to chronic lung allograft dysfunction. This review covers acute cellular rejection and antibody-mediated rejection, aiding diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Transplantation Medicine
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Acute rejection is a significant complication after lung transplantation, despite current immunosuppressive strategies.
- It can lead to early graft loss, mortality, and the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD).
- Both cellular and humoral immune responses are implicated in acute lung allograft rejection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in lung transplantation.
- To highlight diagnostic challenges, particularly for AMR, and the role of HLA and non-HLA antigens.
- To discuss potential future biomarkers for both ACR and AMR.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of acute cellular rejection and antibody-mediated rejection in lung transplantation.
- Discussion of diagnostic criteria, including histopathology and antibody detection.
- Exploration of current and potential future treatment strategies and biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Acute cellular rejection (ACR) has established histopathological criteria, but diagnosis can be challenging.
- Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is increasingly recognized, with diagnostic difficulties due to antibody measurement and significance determination.
- Non-HLA antigens add complexity to the diagnosis of rejection.
Conclusions:
- Both ACR and AMR are critical considerations in lung transplant outcomes.
- Improved diagnostic tools and understanding of antibody significance are needed, especially for AMR.
- Further research into biomarkers is essential for advancing the management of lung allograft rejection.
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