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Related Concept Videos

Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Ecological Disturbance02:26

Ecological Disturbance

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An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived-retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells into a Large-eyed Model of Geographic Atrophy
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[RPE morphometry in geographic atrophy due to AMD].

A Wagner1, A Mohi1, M Ranjbar1

  • 1Universitätsaugenklinik Lübeck UKSH, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland.

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Degenerative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes near geographic atrophy (GA) are measurable. These RPE alterations, especially grade 2/3, are visible with current high-resolution imaging like SD-OCT.

Keywords:
AMDGeographic atrophyHistologyOCTRPE

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A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Histopathology
  • Retinal Imaging

Background:

  • Geographic atrophy (GA) involves complex changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane.
  • Interpreting these junctional zone changes is challenging with current high-resolution imaging.
  • Histological evaluation of RPE cell degeneration in GA eyes is crucial for understanding disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and evaluate degenerative RPE cell changes in histological sections of GA eyes.
  • To correlate RPE alterations with specific grades of degeneration.
  • To assess the potential for visualization of these changes with modern imaging technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of seven GA eyes using light microscopy.
  • Grading of RPE alterations in three eye sections (0=normal, 1=irregular, 2=enlarged/heaped, 3=migrating, 4=absent).
  • Measurement of total RPE height, individual RPE cell height, and basal deposit height in graded zones.

Main Results:

  • RPE pathology increased progressively from the outer macula towards the central GA zone.
  • Zone 2 showed highly variable total RPE height (16.9 ± 5.6 µm) with mixed cell morphologies.
  • Basal deposits increased in continuity and thickness with RPE degeneration, reaching 9.5 ± 4.3 µm in the atrophic zone.

Conclusions:

  • Degenerative RPE phenomena, particularly grade 2/3, are substantial.
  • These changes are often large enough for detailed visualization.
  • Modern imaging technologies (e.g., SD-OCT) can likely detect these significant RPE alterations.