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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
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Arterial spin labeling: a technical overview.

Inger Havsteen1, Janus Damm Nybing1, Hanne Christensen2

  • 11 Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) offers a non-invasive MRI method for brain perfusion assessment. Its safety profile makes it ideal for monitoring acute stroke patients without contrast agents.

Keywords:
Arterial spin labelingcerebral ischemiamagnetic resonance diffusion/perfusionperfusion imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive MRI technique.
  • It measures blood flow by tracking water magnetization changes.
  • ASL avoids contrast agents and ionizing radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce ASL methodology.
  • To compare ASL with contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging.
  • To review ASL's utility in acute cerebral ischemia.

Main Methods:

  • Methodological introduction to ASL principles.
  • Comparative analysis of ASL and traditional perfusion techniques.
  • Literature review focused on clinical applications in stroke.

Main Results:

  • ASL provides valuable perfusion data without contrast agents.
  • Its non-invasive nature is advantageous for repeated measurements.
  • ASL is suitable for hyper-acute settings and patients with comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • ASL is a promising non-invasive tool for acute stroke assessment.
  • It offers a safe alternative to contrast-enhanced methods.
  • ASL's utility in dynamic monitoring during and after interventions is highlighted.