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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Optimizing the Rearing Procedure of Germ-Free Wasps
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Bad germs are trapped.

Liman Zhang1, Hao Wu1

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Cell Research
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome activates immune responses to bacterial invasion. Recent cryo-EM structures reveal how the flagellin/NAIP5 complex enables bacterial sensing in innate immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Innate immunity
  • Molecular and cellular microbiology
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • The NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome is a key component of the innate immune system, crucial for detecting bacterial pathogens.
  • Inflammasome activation triggers inflammatory responses essential for clearing infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of bacterial flagellin recognition by the NAIP5 inflammasome.
  • To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying innate immune sensing of bacterial invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was employed to determine the structure of the flagellin/NAIP5 complex.
  • Biochemical and biophysical techniques were used to analyze protein interactions and activation mechanisms.

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Main Results:

  • The cryo-EM structure of the flagellin/NAIP5 complex was determined at high resolution.
  • Key interactions between flagellin and NAIP5 were identified, revealing the molecular basis for pathogen recognition.
  • Structural insights explain how NAIP5 specifically senses bacterial flagellin to initiate inflammasome assembly.

Conclusions:

  • The structural data provides a mechanistic understanding of how NAIP5 functions as a bacterial sensor.
  • These findings advance our knowledge of innate immune surveillance and host defense against bacterial pathogens.
  • The study highlights the importance of inflammasome structure in orchestrating immune responses.