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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
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Blood Vessels
Blood...
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery
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Cardiovascular complications after non-cardiac surgery.

D Sellers1, C Srinivas1, G Djaiani1

  • 1Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Anaesthesia
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac complications like myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery are common and linked to poor outcomes. This review covers causes, prevention, and treatment strategies for peri-operative cardiac events, including arrhythmias and heart failure.

Keywords:
complicationsmyocardial injurynon-cardiac surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Peri-operative Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiac complications are frequent following non-cardiac surgery.
  • Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS), indicated by troponin rise, is increasingly recognized and associated with poor prognosis.
  • Postoperative arrhythmias and heart failure, including diastolic dysfunction, are significant concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, causation, prevention, and treatment of cardiac complications after non-cardiac surgery.
  • To examine the impact of pre-operative diastolic dysfunction on postoperative outcomes.
  • To guide fluid management for anesthesiologists based on current evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of international guidelines and landmark studies on peri-operative cardiac events.
  • Analysis of evidence concerning myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS).
  • Examination of data on postoperative arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, QT prolongation) and heart failure (systolic and diastolic).

Main Results:

  • Peri-operative myocardial infarction affects 3% of major surgery patients.
  • Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) has a poor prognosis.
  • Diastolic dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a cause of postoperative heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and managing peri-operative cardiac injury, including MINS, is crucial.
  • Evidence-based strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiac complications should be implemented.
  • Awareness of diastolic dysfunction is vital for appropriate fluid management in non-cardiac surgery.