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Peri-operative neurological complications

R Hood1, A Budd1, F A Sorond2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Anaesthesia
|January 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Brain injury after cardiac surgery is a growing concern, especially in elderly patients. This review covers causes, risks, and prevention strategies for stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and delirium to protect the brain.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Cardiac surgery poses significant risks for brain injury, impacting patient morbidity and mortality.
  • The increasing elderly population undergoing cardiac procedures heightens the frequency of these neurological complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and risk factors associated with peri-operative stroke, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and postoperative delirium.
  • To discuss prevention strategies, including brain protection, embolism avoidance, and management of cerebral hypoperfusion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on brain injury following cardiac surgery.
  • Analysis of risk factors, aetiology, and preventative measures for neurological complications.

Main Results:

  • Identified key risk factors and aetiologies for peri-operative neurological deficits.
  • Outlined various brain protection strategies and methods to prevent cerebral embolism and hypoperfusion.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced age is a critical risk factor for brain injury after cardiac surgery.
  • Proactive prevention strategies are essential to mitigate neurological complications and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
cardiac surgerycerebrovascular accidentpostoperative cognitive dysfunctionpostoperative delirium

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