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Normative Functional Performance Values in High School Athletes: The Functional Pre-Participation Evaluation Project.

James A Onate1,2, Cambrie Starkel1, Daniel R Clifton1

  • 1School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus.

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|January 10, 2018
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Summary

This study found significant differences in lower extremity functional performance between male and female high school athletes. These findings provide crucial sex- and grade-specific data for preparticipation physical evaluations and injury prevention strategies.

Keywords:
adolescent athleteslimb symmetrypreparticipation examination

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The Preparticipation Physical Evaluation (PPE) now includes functional testing for musculoskeletal health.
  • Normative data for functional performance in high school athletes is limited across sex and grade levels.
  • Establishing normative data is essential for injury risk assessment and mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative functional performance and limb-symmetry data for US high school athletes.
  • To provide clinicians with reference data for comparing patient performance.
  • To aid in the development of injury prevention programs.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 3951 male and female high school athletes.
  • Athletes participated in basketball, football, lacrosse, or soccer nationwide.
  • Functional tests included ankle-dorsiflexion-lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and anterior single-legged hop-for-distance (SLHOP).

Main Results:

  • Significant sex-based differences were observed in SLHOP performance (males: 187.8% ± 33.1% limb length; females: 157.5% ± 27.8% limb length).
  • A large effect size (Cohen d = 0.97) indicated substantial differences in SLHOP performance between sexes.
  • While grade-level differences existed for SLHOP and ankle-dorsiflexion-lunge, they were not clinically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Normative data for lower extremity functional performance in high school athletes varies by sex and grade level.
  • These sex- and grade-specific findings can inform preparticipation physical evaluations.
  • The data supports the implementation of targeted musculoskeletal injury prevention strategies.