What is new in perinatal HIV prevention?

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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

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Mary G Fowler1, Patricia Flynn2, Jim Aizire3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins U. School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|January 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

New antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens show promise in preventing pediatric HIV infections among breastfeeding mothers. However, optimizing safety and adherence remains crucial for achieving the global elimination of new pediatric HIV cases.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical trials
  • HIV research
  • Pediatric infectious diseases

Background:

  • HIV continues to pose a significant threat to pediatric populations globally.
  • Preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is a critical public health goal.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) plays a vital role in managing HIV in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent clinical trial, laboratory, and observational findings on pediatric HIV prevention.
  • To highlight progress and safety concerns of antiretroviral regimens in HIV-infected breastfeeding women.
  • To address adherence challenges for HIV-infected mothers on ART.

Main Methods:

  • Review of international clinical trial data, including the IMPAACT PROMISE trial.
  • Analysis of laboratory and observational findings related to PMTCT.
  • Examination of safety and efficacy data for current and emerging ART regimens.

Main Results:

  • Steady progress has been made in reducing pediatric HIV transmission worldwide.
  • Current ART regimens demonstrate efficacy but present safety concerns.
  • Maternal adherence to daily ART remains a significant challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual elimination of pediatric HIV requires optimizing the safety of new ART regimens.
  • Future strategies must consider regimens with reduced dependence on daily maternal adherence.
  • Addressing specific toxicities and improving adherence are key to achieving global pediatric HIV elimination.
Abstract

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