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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.0K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

6.0K
Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
6.0K
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

55.8K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Curcumin-Artemisinin Coamorphous Solid: Xenograft Model Preclinical Study.

M K Chaitanya Mannava1,2, Kuthuru Suresh3,4, Manish Kumar Bommaka5

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India. mchaitanyasharma@gmail.com.

Pharmaceutics
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Curcumin

Keywords:
artemisininbioavailabilitycoamorphouscocrystalcurcuminstabilityxenograft

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Drug Delivery
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Curcumin, a compound from turmeric, has therapeutic potential but suffers from poor oral bioavailability.
  • Developing effective drug delivery systems is crucial for utilizing curcumin's pharmacological benefits.
  • Existing formulations often fail to overcome curcumin's low solubility and absorption issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of curcumin.
  • To investigate the potential of novel solid forms, specifically a cocrystal and a coamorphous system.
  • To compare the performance of Curcumin-Pyrogallol (CUR-PYR) cocrystal and Curcumin-Artemisinin (CUR-ART) coamorphous solid.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and characterization of CUR-PYR cocrystal and CUR-ART coamorphous solid.
  • In vitro dissolution studies in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF and SIF).
  • In vivo pharmacokinetic studies, oral dosing in xenograft models, and toxicology assessments.

Main Results:

  • Both CUR-PYR and CUR-ART demonstrated improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic profiles over pure curcumin.
  • CUR-ART coamorphous solid exhibited twofold higher bioavailability than CUR-PYR cocrystal.
  • CUR-ART showed significant tumor growth inhibition (62%) comparable to doxorubicin, with no observed adverse effects.

Conclusions:

  • Curcumin-Artemisinin (CUR-ART) coamorphous solid significantly enhances curcumin's bioavailability and therapeutic effect.
  • CUR-ART represents a promising drug delivery strategy for improving curcumin's efficacy in cancer treatment.
  • The developed coamorphous system offers a stable and safe alternative for curcumin drug formulation.