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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

152.1K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

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Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Related Experiment Video

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Patterning of Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bio Flip Chip
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LPS Transport: Flipping Out over MsbA.

Bradley J Voss1, M Stephen Trent1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New antimicrobial drug targets are needed. The ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter MsbA uses a novel

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery and Development

Background:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis and transport are crucial for Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Targeting LPS pathways offers a promising strategy for novel antimicrobial therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide transport mediated by the ABC transporter MsbA.
  • To characterize the novel 'trap and flip' mechanism employed by MsbA.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing biochemical assays to study the function of MsbA.
  • Employing structural biology techniques to elucidate the transport mechanism.

Main Results:

  • MsbA utilizes a unique 'trap and flip' mechanism for lipopolysaccharide transport.

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  • This mechanism differs from previously characterized lipid ABC transporters.

    • Conclusions:

    • The 'trap and flip' mechanism of MsbA represents a novel mode of lipid transport.
    • Understanding this mechanism can inform the development of new antimicrobial agents targeting LPS transport.