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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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Chronic tic disorders in children with ADHD.

William Poh1, Jonathan M Payne1,2,3, Alisha Gulenc2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|January 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Children with ADHD have a higher prevalence of chronic tic disorder (CTD). This comorbidity significantly increases psychiatric and functional burdens, necessitating integrated clinical assessment and management for ADHD and CTD.

Keywords:
child psychiatrychild psychologycomm child healthepidemiologyneurodevelopment

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
  • Chronic tic disorder (CTD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics.
  • The co-occurrence of ADHD and CTD can lead to complex clinical presentations and management challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of CTD in children with ADHD compared to controls at ages 7 and 10.
  • To assess the additional psychiatric and functional burden associated with CTD in children with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A community-based cohort study involving children aged 6-8 years with ADHD (n=179) and controls (n=212).
  • Diagnosis of ADHD and CTD was confirmed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (DISC-IV).
  • Assessment of internalizing/externalizing disorders, social functioning, academic performance, and quality of life.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD were significantly more likely to have CTD at ages 7 (OR 4.1) and 10 (OR 5.9) compared to controls.
  • Children with ADHD and CTD exhibited higher rates of internalizing disorders and peer problems.
  • Poorer quality of life was reported in children with ADHD and comorbid CTD compared to those with ADHD alone.

Conclusions:

  • CTD is more prevalent in children with ADHD than in the general population.
  • Comorbid CTD in children with ADHD adds a significant psychiatric and functional burden.
  • Clinicians should consider CTD assessment and management in children diagnosed with ADHD.