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Teamwork in healthcare significantly reduces clinical decision-making errors. While teams improve accuracy, this benefit stems from aggregated knowledge, not emergent team cognition, highlighting the importance of collective intelligence in patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Healthcare team dynamics
  • Patient safety research

Background:

  • Modern clinical practice complexity necessitates effective teamwork for patient safety.
  • Dual process theory explains individual decision-making (Type 1: fast/intuitive, Type 2: slow/analytical) but not group cognition.
  • Team cognition, arising from interaction, is theorized to be more resilient to errors than individual cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether clinicians working in pairs make fewer decision-making errors than individual clinicians.
  • To explore the nature of team cognition in a clinical decision-making context.

Main Methods:

  • Clinicians were assigned to pairs to solve a drug calculation puzzle.
  • The error rate of clinician teams was compared to that of individual clinicians solving the same puzzle.

Main Results:

  • Teams of clinicians achieved a 63% correct answer rate, significantly higher than the 33% rate for individual clinicians (P<0.001).
  • Actual team performance did not statistically differ from predicted performance based on aggregated individual propensities to answer correctly.

Conclusions:

  • Clinician teams demonstrate reduced decision-making errors compared to individuals.
  • Improved team performance is attributed to aggregated cognition, not enhanced decision-making from team interaction.
  • The study found no evidence for team cognition as a distinct emergent entity.