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Lithium diffusion in plagioclase reveals magma ascent and degassing timescales of minutes or less during Mt. Etna eruptions. This method, applied to open-conduit systems, quantifies rapid magma ascent velocities for powerful volcanic events.

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Area of Science:

  • * Volcanology
  • * Geochemistry
  • * Igneous Petrology

Background:

  • * Lithium (Li) diffusion in plagioclase records short-lived magmatic processes.
  • * Mt. Etna's 2011-2013 paroxysmal eruptions involved rapid magma ascent and degassing.
  • * Understanding these processes is crucial for open-conduit volcanic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To constrain magma ascent and degassing dynamics preceding Mt. Etna's paroxysmal eruptions.
  • * To apply Li diffusion analysis to open-conduit volcanic systems.
  • * To quantify magma ascent velocities and timescales.

Main Methods:

  • * Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of 7Li/30Si ratios in plagioclase crystals.
  • * Modeling of Li concentration decreases due to diffusion.
  • * Calculation of magma ascent timescales and velocities based on Li depletion.

Main Results:

  • * Li concentrations in plagioclase indicate cycles of gas flushing and decompression-driven degassing.
  • * Magma ascent timescales were determined to be on the order of minutes or less.
  • * A mean magma ascent velocity of approximately 43 m/s was quantified for paroxysmal eruptions.

Conclusions:

  • * Lithium diffusion in plagioclase is a powerful tool for studying rapid magmatic processes in open-conduit volcanoes.
  • * The study successfully applied methods previously limited to closed-system volcanoes.
  • * Rapid magma ascent and degassing significantly influence the energetic nature of paroxysmal eruptions at Mt. Etna.