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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Fundamental CRISPR-Cas9 tools and current applications in microbial systems.

Pingfang Tian1, Jia Wang1,2,3, Xiaolin Shen1,2,3

  • 1College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology
|January 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR technology, derived from bacteria, enhances genetic engineering for strain optimization. This review covers CRISPR tools, their microbial applications, challenges in multiplex editing, and strategies for improved DNA repair and microbial ecosystem construction.

Keywords:
CRISPR activationCRISPR interferenceCRISPR-Cas9DNA repairHomologous recombination

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR technology, originating from bacterial adaptive immunity, offers powerful tools for genetic engineering.
  • Strain engineering is crucial for optimizing microbial functions in various industries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fundamental CRISPR tools for strain optimization.
  • To discuss current applications and challenges of CRISPR technology in microbial systems.
  • To propose strategies and future research directions for CRISPR-based microbial engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR editing, interference, activation, and protein imaging tools.
  • Analysis of CRISPR applications in model and non-model industrial microorganisms.
  • Exploration of strategies for ameliorating DNA repair efficiency via CRISPR-Cas9-assisted recombineering.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR tools have significantly advanced strain engineering capabilities.
  • Major challenges exist in multiplex genome editing and sophisticated expression regulation.
  • CRISPR-Cas9-assisted recombineering shows promise for enhancing DNA repair efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR technology is a transformative tool for microbial strain optimization.
  • Addressing challenges in multiplex editing and expression control is key for broader application.
  • Future research should focus on CRISPR-based microbial ecosystems for chemical production.