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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

36.6K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.7K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.7K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

25.2K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
25.2K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

8.6K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
8.6K
Entropy within the Cell01:22

Entropy within the Cell

13.0K
A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
13.0K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

5.0K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
5.0K

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Preparing bulk ultrafine-microstructure high-entropy alloys via direct solidification.

Yiping Lu1, Xiaoxia Gao, Yong Dong

  • 1Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China. tmwang@dlut.edu.cn.

Nanoscale
|January 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new, low-cost method to create bulk ultrafine-microstructure (UFM) alloys using high-entropy alloys (HEAs). This breakthrough overcomes challenges in producing these strong materials, paving the way for wider industrial use.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Metallurgy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanostructured (NS) and ultrafine-microstructure (UFM) materials offer superior mechanical properties, particularly high strength.
  • Current limitations in low-cost, bulk production hinder the industrial application of NS and UFM materials.
  • High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a class of materials with potential for advanced properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, cost-effective strategy for fabricating bulk UFM alloys.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of preparing UFM structures directly from solidified high-entropy alloys.
  • To identify the critical compositional and thermal conditions required for UFM formation in HEAs.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of specific AlCoCrxFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with varying chromium content (1.8 ≤ x ≤ 2.0).
  • Direct solidification technique applied to the designed HEAs.
  • Microstructural characterization to confirm the formation of ultrafine-microstructure (UFM) in bulk samples.

Main Results:

  • Successful achievement of a complete ultrafine-microstructure (UFM) in bulk high-entropy alloy (HEA) materials.
  • Identification of stringent compositional requirements, including near eutectic composition and specific phase decomposition, for UFM formation.
  • Demonstration of a low-cost and efficient method for bulk UFM alloy production.

Conclusions:

  • The direct solidification of carefully designed high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is a viable strategy for producing bulk ultrafine-microstructure (UFM) materials.
  • This method addresses the cost and scalability challenges associated with UFM material production.
  • The findings hold significant potential for accelerating the engineering applications of advanced UFM alloys.