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Evaluation of the Protection Provided by Hepatitis B Vaccination in India

Jacob Puliyel1, Pathik Naik2, Ashish Puliyel3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, St Stephens Hospital, Delhi, 110054, India. Puliyel@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|January 11, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in India offers protection against infection, but vaccination at six weeks provides similar benefits. The study supports current government recommendations for home-delivered babies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B vaccination in India is typically recommended at six weeks of age, with exceptions for hospital deliveries.
  • The study investigates the protective efficacy of the Hepatitis B birth dose in Indian children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the Hepatitis B birth dose in preventing Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  • To compare the protection offered by a birth dose versus vaccination at six weeks of age.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 2671 children aged 1 to 5 years.
  • Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb).
  • Recording vaccination history, with cases defined as HBsAg carriers or infected children (HBsAg and/or HBcAb positive).

Main Results:

  • Birth dose vaccination showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.35 for HBsAg positivity compared to unvaccinated children.
  • Vaccination at six weeks had an OR of 0.29 for HBsAg positivity.
  • The birth dose demonstrated an OR of 0.42 for HBV infection, while vaccination at six weeks had an OR of 0.49 compared to unvaccinated.
  • Approximately 70% of vaccinated children had protective antibodies (HBsAb).

Conclusions:

  • The study supports the Indian government's policy of vaccinating babies born at home starting at six weeks.
  • While the birth dose offers protection, vaccination at six weeks appears to provide comparable benefits.
Abstract

Keywords:
Antibody to hepatitis B core antigenAntibody to hepatitis B surface antigenHepatitis B core antigenHepatitis B surface antigenImmunizationPassive immunity

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