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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Bone Structure01:55

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration
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A Cell-Engineered Small Intestinal Submucosa-Based Bone Mimetic Construct for Bone Regeneration.

Mei Li1,2, Chi Zhang1, Yuxing Mao1

  • 11 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University , Ningbo, People's Republic of China .

Tissue Engineering. Part A
|January 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a bone-like scaffold using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) to enhance bone regeneration. This new osteogenic and mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold significantly improved new bone formation in animal models.

Keywords:
bone mimetic ECMbone tissue engineeringnatural biomaterialosteogenic microenvironmentsmall intestinal submucosa

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials enhance material biofunctionality.
  • Bone mimetic microenvironments are crucial for bone regeneration.
  • Osteoblast-specific induction of ECM may improve bone healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an osteogenic and mineralized ECM construct (Os/M-ECM-SIS) on a small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffold.
  • To evaluate its potential for bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Co-treatment of SIS scaffolds with icariin and calcium under osteoblast guidance.
  • Characterization of scaffold morphology, composition, and mechanical strength.
  • In vitro cell culture studies with osteoblasts and fibroblasts.
  • In vivo evaluation using a calvarial defect model.
  • Analysis of the Bmp/Smad-signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds mimicked natural bone morphology and inorganic components.
  • Enhanced mechanical strength compared to ECM-SIS.
  • Improved osteoblast and fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • Promoted fibroblast transdifferentiation into osteogenic cells.
  • Significantly enhanced new bone formation in vivo.
  • Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds activated the Bmp/Smad-signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds provide an excellent osteogenic microenvironment for bone regeneration.
  • This method offers a valuable approach for generating mineralized, bone-mimetic scaffolds.
  • SIS-based scaffolds show potential as off-the-shelf bone graft substitutes for bone tissue engineering.