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Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion
Holger Martens1, Sabine Leonhard-Marek2, Monika Röntgen3
11Institute for Veterinary Physiology,Freie Universität Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
Nutrition Research Reviews
|January 11, 2018
Summary
Magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis in ruminants relies on rumen absorption and kidney excretion. Rumen absorption is complex and influenced by diet, with no compensation from other organs if intake is low, potentially causing hypomagnesemia.
Area of Science:
- Ruminant physiology
- Mineral metabolism
- Homeostasis
Background:
- Magnesium (Mg2+) is vital for ruminants, but lacks specific regulatory mechanisms.
- Plasma Mg2+ levels depend on absorption and excretion, primarily in the rumen.
- Rumen Mg2+ absorption involves complex apical uptake and basolateral Na+/Mg2+ exchange.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the factors governing magnesium homeostasis in ruminants.
- To understand the mechanisms of Mg2+ absorption and excretion.
- To inform recommendations for adequate Mg2+ intake and prevent disturbances.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on Mg2+ transport in ruminants.
- Analysis of factors influencing ruminal Mg2+ absorption (K+, ammonia, pH, SCFA).
- Examination of renal excretion and compensatory mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Ruminal Mg2+ absorption is influenced by dietary factors and is not compensated by intestinal absorption.
- Renal excretion adjusts to surplus Mg2+ but cannot compensate for dietary shortages.
- Low Mg2+ intake leads to hypomagnesemia, affecting cerebrospinal fluid Mg2+ and causing tetany.
Conclusions:
- Understanding Mg2+ homeostasis factors is crucial for dietary recommendations.
- Further research is needed on Mg2+ transport proteins and renal excretion regulation.
- Clarifying these mechanisms will improve ruminant health and productivity.
Keywords:
1BW body weightCNNM cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediatorCNS central nervous systemCSF cerebrospinal fluidDCT distal convoluted tubuleECS extracellular spaceICS intracellular spacePD potential differencePTH parathyroid hormoneTAL thick ascending limb of HenleTRP transient receptor potential25(OH)2D3 125-dihydroxyvitamin D3CowsEpithelial transportKidneysRumenTetany
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