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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh
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Printable Transparent Conductive Films for Flexible Electronics.

Dongdong Li1, Wen-Yong Lai1, Yi-Zhou Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights advances in flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) using printed electronics. Emerging materials and roll-to-roll printing techniques offer low-cost, high-performance alternatives to indium-tin-oxide for various optoelectronic devices.

Keywords:
flexible electronicsinkjet printingprinted electronicsscreen printingtransparent conductive films

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Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electronics Engineering
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Printed electronics enable low-cost, large-area, flexible optoelectronic devices.
  • Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are crucial components for these devices.
  • Traditional indium-tin-oxide TCFs face limitations in flexibility and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in large-area flexible TCFs.
  • To explore the use of emerging transparent conductive materials.
  • To discuss roll-to-roll compatible printing techniques for TCF fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing research on solution-processable conductive materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, graphene, polymers).
  • Detailing roll-to-roll printing techniques: inkjet, screen, offset, and gravure printing.
  • Analyzing TCF preparation: ink formulation, substrate treatment, patterning, and postprocessing.

Main Results:

  • Emerging materials offer high mechanical flexibility, low cost, and improved photoelectric properties.
  • Printed TCFs demonstrate potential in solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and touch panels.
  • Roll-to-roll compatible printing enables scalable and cost-effective TCF production.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of printed techniques and novel conductive materials drives innovation in flexible electronics.
  • Printed electronics offer a promising pathway for next-generation optoelectronic devices.
  • Further development in this area will expand applications beyond current flexible electronics.