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DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Closed-Shell Structures as Templates.

Li Qiu^1,2, Ryan McCaffrey², Wei Zhang^1,2

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, 1650091, Kunming, China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal

|January 11, 2018

Summary

Researchers are developing template synthesis methods for metallic nanoparticles. This approach uses closed-shell structures like biomolecules and cage molecules to control nanoparticle size and shape for advanced applications.

Keywords:

cage compounds closed-shell structures dynamic covalent chemistry nanostructures template synthesis

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Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology and Materials Science
Chemical Synthesis and Catalysis
Biomedical Applications

Background:

Metallic nanoparticles exhibit properties highly dependent on size, shape, and interparticle distance.
Precise control over nanoparticle synthesis is crucial for optimizing their performance in diverse applications.
The field of metallic nanoparticle synthesis is rapidly advancing, with numerous methods for producing monodisperse nanoparticles.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of recent advancements in the template synthesis of metallic nanoparticles.
To highlight the use of closed-shell structures as templates for nanoparticle synthesis.
To discuss the potential of biological molecules and cage molecules in controlled nanoparticle fabrication.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on template-directed synthesis of metallic nanoparticles.
Focus on methods utilizing closed-shell structures (e.g., biological assemblies, cage molecules).
Analysis of synthesis strategies for achieving controlled size and shape of nanoparticles.

Main Results:

Template synthesis offers a promising route for fabricating metallic nanoparticles with defined characteristics.
Biological molecules and cage molecules serve as effective templates for size and shape control.
Progress in template synthesis enables the production of monodisperse metallic nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

Template synthesis using closed-shell structures is a key strategy for tailoring metallic nanoparticle properties.
This approach holds significant potential for advancing applications in materials science, catalysis, and medicine.
Continued research in template synthesis will drive innovation in nanoparticle design and functionality.