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Assessing the Evaluative Content of Personality Questionnaires Using Bifactor Models.

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Item valence, or how positive or negative an item feels, influences responses on personality questionnaires like the NEO-FFI-3 and HEXACO-PI-R. Accounting for this valence improves personality assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometric assessment
  • Personality psychology
  • Quantitative psychology

Background:

  • Personality inventories, such as the NEO-FFI-3 and HEXACO-PI-R, are widely used but may be influenced by item valence.
  • Item valence refers to the inherent positivity or negativity of an item's content.
  • Previous research has not fully addressed how item valence impacts personality measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of item valence on responses to the NEO-FFI-3 and HEXACO-PI-R questionnaires.
  • To determine if accounting for item valence affects the correlations between personality domains and psychological well-being measures.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory bifactor models with keying factors were applied to item response data from the NEO-FFI-3 and HEXACO-PI-R.
  • Loadings on general and keying factors were correlated with independent estimates of item valence.
  • Correlations between personality domain scores and measures of self-esteem, depression, and affect were re-examined after controlling for valence factors.

Main Results:

  • Loadings on general and keying factors showed significant correlations with item valence.
  • This suggests that item valence systematically influences responses to personality questionnaire items.
  • Controlling for the general and keying factors (representing valence) substantially reduced correlations between personality domains and measures of self-esteem, depression, and affect.

Conclusions:

  • Item valence is a significant factor that can confound personality assessments.
  • Personality inventories should be modeled to account for reactions to evaluative item content.
  • Adjusting for item valence provides a more accurate representation of personality traits, independent of item desirability.